Antibiotic resistance is a severe global problem afflicting the field of public health in recent years.Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and their antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can spread into the environment via various sources like hospital wastewater, domestic wastewater, agricultural runoff, and animal feeding operations.However, it is difficult to track or predict pollutant origins for antibiotic resistance in the environment.
In this study, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis was used to determine the origins (host jolly rancher filled gummies animals) and molecular epidemiology of antibiotic resistant E.coli in the watersheds of Lake Biwa in Japan, by examining the influent and discharge from large, centralized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), WWTP discharged directly into Lake Biwa, and inflow rivers of Lake Biwa, with respect to non-selective, ampicillin-resistant, and tetracycline-resistant E.coli.
By using WGS, the molecular characterization of non-selective E.coli from various water samples revealed a difference in phylogenetic group and host source distribution between WWTP discharges and Lake Biwa samples.This finding suggests that the WWTP discharges are not the major source of fecal pollution in Lake Biwa.
Contrastingly, ampicillin-resistant E.coli isolates from WWTP discharge and Lake Biwa showed similar phylogroup and host source composition, indicating a relationship hindirochakkahaniya.com between antibiotic resistance spread from WWTP discharge into Lake Biwa.On the other hand, the difference between the WWTP discharge and river samples in the E.
coli phylogroup and host source was observed in tetracycline-resistant E.coli isolates, implying that the inflow rivers of Lake Biwa received antibiotic resistance pollution apart from WWTP discharges.These results contribute to improving the current state of knowledge regarding potential antibiotic resistance pollution sources in the aquatic environment and the possible ramifications of antibiotic resistance dissemination by WWTP discharge and other sources in Japan.